Diversas dificultades, como discapacidades o impedimentos físicos, emocionales, conductuales o de aprendizaje, que hacen que un individuo requiera servicios o adaptaciones adicionales o especializadas en la educación.
Necesidades especiales
“Special needs” is a term used in clinical diagnosis and functional development to describe people who need help with impairments that might be physical, mental, or psychological. There are four families of disabilities:
1. Visual Impairment
This is relevant to blind or visually impaired persons, meaning that although some have entirely lost their eyesight, others can still make out shapes and lights.
2. Hearing Impairment
People who are deaf or hard of hearing might suffer from minor to severe hearing loss. Some people could be cochlear implant or hearing aid users, while others might not be able to hear anything at all.
3. Intellectual and Cognitive Impairment
A person with an intellectual impairment has distinct cognitive challenges that lower their IQ (IQ). They could have trouble absorbing information, interacting with others, or adjusting to novel circumstances.
A person with a cognitive impairment faces difficulties in learning. They could struggle to maintain their attention for a while, struggle to cope with large numbers, or even struggle to absorb written information.
4. Physical impairment
This category contains anyone who generally has trouble moving around or handling physical labor.
Special Needs and Education
Students with impairments whose learning may be affected or delayed compared to others are referred to as having special needs. Special needs is a short version of special education needs.
When a child’s educational program is formally changed from what would typically be offered to pupils through an individual education plan, also known as an individual program plan, the phrase “special needs” is used in the educational context.
Special education helps to build a unified structure for all kids in the classroom. The degree of special needs varies; a person is considered to have a severe case when their IQ is between 20 and 35. These pupils often require academic support, and various services are offered to them to excel in various settings.
People with impairments were frequently isolated in the past until the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and several other laws were passed. Now kids with disabilities may no longer be excluded from or subjected to discrimination within the educational system.
Integrating special needs kids into general education classrooms has frequently been beneficial. Reading ability increases were more substantial for those in integrated learning environments or a mix of isolated and integrated environments than those in wholly isolated contexts.
For kids with exceptional needs, integrated classes can also provide a variety of social advantages. Students with special needs are exposed to a variety through being surrounded by classmates who can operate normally. Their close interaction with other kids will provide them the chance to make friends and strengthen their social skills.
Adults with Special Needs
In the US, 61 million individuals with disabilities reside there. They participate in and shape our culture, just like everyone else. At some time in our life, whether temporarily or permanently, we might all experience a handicap, especially as we age.
Everything may be difficult, but that much is certain. Getting about in a wheelchair inside a venue, crossing the street when you’re blind, asking a staff person for information when you’re deaf, etc., are all activities that can happen every day.
A major step towards inclusion is correctly putting the right accessibility solutions into practice. Our society must first consider all forms of impairments and completely accept individuals who live with them in order to be inclusive and accessible.
Living with Disabilities
The queue for home- and community-based services for Americans with intellectual and developmental disabilities is expanding quickly, greatly outpacing the capacity of state governments to assist those who require assistance with basic daily functions like bathing, cooking, and clothing.
In the Democrats’ social spending plan, the Biden administration proposed $400 billion in increased funding for home- and community-based services in an effort to support those programs.
It is unclear that providers will soon receive fresh funding because the House Democrats’ version, enacted last year, includes around $150 billion. However, this amount was not included in the reconciliation deal that the Senate passed.
Providers worry that if there isn’t sufficient funding to hire and keep workers, the trend of putting individuals in bigger group homes would pick up speed. While more affluent families might be able to afford private services, middle-class and lower-income families would probably see a decline in the standard of care for their loved ones.
The difference might be substantial for the patient, who is likely to get less care and have fewer recreational alternatives.
